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LAB - Prelim Exercise 4 PHP Activity

2026-09-03 11:34

Tags: #Docker

Author: Duke Hsu

Create Docker-file

安裝php 基礎鏡像和MySQL 支援

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FROM php:8.2-fpm

# 安裝系統依賴
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    default-mysql-client \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 安裝 PHP MySQL 擴展
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli pdo pdo_mysql

CMD ["php-fpm"]

Create docker-compose.yml

定義3個容器的服務、網路、存儲

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version: '3.8'

services:
  # PHP-FPM 服務
  php:
    build: .
    container_name: php-app
    ports:
      - "9000:9000"
    volumes:
      - ./www:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - mysql
    networks:
      - app-network

  # MySQL 服務
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: mysql-app
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: MySecureRoot123
      MYSQL_DATABASE: homework_db
      MYSQL_USER: student
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: StudentPass456
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - app-network

  # Nginx 網頁伺服器
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    container_name: nginx-app
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./www:/var/www/html
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    depends_on:
      - php
    networks:
      - app-network

volumes:
  mysql_data:

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

Create nginx.conf

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user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    gzip on;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        root /var/www/html;
        index index.php;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            fastcgi_pass php:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }
    }
}

目錄結構 

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/2026-2027/29082_Lab_Exercise_3/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
├── nginx.conf
└── www/
    └── index.php

Run docker

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docker-compose up -d --build #-d後臺運行，--build 重新構建

Docker + PHP + MySQL 環境配置完整流程

前置準備

系統需求

  • Linux 系統（支援 Docker）
  • Arch Linux：sudo pacman -S docker docker-compose
  • Ubuntu/Debian：sudo apt-get install docker.io docker-compose
  • Docker 已啟動：sudo systemctl start docker
  • 用戶加入 docker 組（可選，避免每次都用 sudo）：sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

目錄結構

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/2026-2027/29082_Lab_Exercise_3/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
├── nginx.conf
└── www/
    └── index.php

步驟 1：建立 Dockerfile

位置：/2026-2027/29082_Lab_Exercise_3/Dockerfile

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FROM php:8.2-fpm

# 安裝系統依賴
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    default-mysql-client \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 安裝 PHP MySQL 擴展
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli pdo pdo_mysql

CMD ["php-fpm"]

作用：擴展基礎 PHP 鏡像，新增 MySQL 支援

步驟 2：建立 docker-compose.yml

位置：/29082_Lab_Exercise_3/docker-compose.yml

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version: '3.8'

services:
  php:
    build: .
    container_name: php-app
    volumes:
      - ./www:/var/www/html  # 改為 www 目錄
    ports:
      - "9000:9000"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
    networks:
      - app-network

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: mysql-app
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root_password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: my_app
      MYSQL_USER: app_user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: app_password
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql  
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    networks:
      - app-network

  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    container_name: nginx-app
    volumes:
      - ./www:/var/www/html
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - php
    networks:
      - app-network

  adminer:
    image: adminer:latest
    container_name: adminer-app
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
    networks:
      - app-network
    environment:
      ADMINER_DEFAULT_SERVER: mysql

  phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin:latest
    container_name: phpmyadmin_ui
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
    networks:
      - app-network
    environment:
      PMA_HOST: mysql
      PMA_USER: app_user
      PMA_PASSWORD: app_password
      PMA_DB: my_app


volumes:
  mysql_data:

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

作用：定義三個容器服務、網絡和存儲

步驟 3：建立 nginx.conf

位置：/2026-2027/29082_Lab_Exercise_3/nginx.conf

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user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    gzip on;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        root /var/www/html;
        index index.php;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            fastcgi_pass php:9000;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }
    }
}

作用：配置 Nginx 反向代理，將請求轉發到 PHP-FPM

步驟 4：建立 www 目錄和測試 PHP 文件

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mkdir -p ./www

位置：/2026-2027/29082_Lab_Exercise_3/www/index.php

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<?php
// MySQL 連接設定
$host = 'mysql';        // Docker 容器內部主機名
$user = 'student';
$password = 'StudentPass456';
$database = 'homework_db';

// 建立連接
$conn = new mysqli($host, $user, $password, $database);

// 檢查連接
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die('連接失敗: ' . $conn->connect_error);
}

echo '連接成功!';
echo '<br>';
echo '伺服器資訊: ' . $conn->server_info;

$conn->close();
?>

作用：測試 PHP 和 MySQL 的連接

步驟 5：啟動容器

進入項目目錄：

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cd /2026-2027/29082_Lab_Exercise_3

首次構建並啟動：

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docker-compose up -d --build

參數說明： - -d：後台運行（detached 模式） - --build：首次必須加此參數，重新構建鏡像

步驟 6：驗證環境

檢查容器狀態

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docker-compose ps

應該看到三個 Up 的容器： - php-app - mysql-app - nginx-app

檢查 PHP 擴展

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docker exec -it php-app bash
php -m | grep -i mysql

應該看到： - mysqli - pdo_mysql

查看即時日誌

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docker-compose logs -f php

按 Ctrl+C 退出

步驟 7：測試連接

訪問瀏覽器：http://localhost

應該看到： 

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連接成功!
伺服器資訊: 8.0.x-0

常用命令速查表

操作 命令
首次啟動 docker-compose up -d --build
後續啟動 docker-compose up -d
停止容器 docker-compose down
完全清理（含數據） docker-compose down -v
查看容器狀態 docker-compose ps
查看日誌 docker-compose logs -f php
進入 PHP 容器 docker exec -it php-app bash
進入 MySQL 容器 docker exec -it mysql-app bash
連接 MySQL（在容器內） mysql -h mysql -u student -p homework_db
重新構建鏡像 docker-compose up -d --build

MySQL 連接資訊速查表

項目 值
容器內連接主機 mysql
主機連接地址 127.0.0.1 或 localhost
端口 3306
Root 密碼 MySecureRoot123
數據庫名稱 homework_db
應用用戶 student
應用密碼 StudentPass456

PHP 連接代碼模板

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<?php
$conn = new mysqli('mysql', 'student', 'StudentPass456', 'homework_db');

if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die('連接失敗: ' . $conn->connect_error);
}

// 執行查詢
$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM your_table");

// 處理結果
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo $row['column_name'];
}

$conn->close();
?>

常見問題排查

問題 解決方案
could not find driver 確認 Dockerfile 已執行 docker-php-ext-install mysqli pdo pdo_mysql，重新執行 docker-compose up -d --build
連接拒絕 檢查 MySQL 容器是否正常運行：docker-compose ps
Port 已被占用 修改 docker-compose.yml 中的 port，例如 "3307:3306"
網頁無法訪問 檢查 Nginx 日誌：docker-compose logs nginx-app
權限不足 使用 sudo 或加入 docker 組：sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

References